Sleeping pills are medications used to treat insomnia or other sleep disorders by helping individuals fall asleep, stay asleep, or improve sleep quality. They are typically prescribed for short-term use to manage acute sleep problems, though some may be used for longer periods under medical supervision.

Types of Sleeping Pills:

1. Prescription medications:
   • Benzodiazepines (e.g., diazepam, lorazepam): Sedatives that promote relaxation but may cause dependence if used long-term.
   • Non-benzodiazepine hypnotics (e.g., zolpidem, eszopiclone): Target specific receptors to induce sleep with fewer side effects than benzodiazepines.
   • Melatonin receptor agonists (e.g., ramelteon): Mimic melatonin, the hormone that regulates the sleep-wake cycle.
   • Antidepressants (e.g., trazodone, doxepin): Sometimes prescribed off-label to help with sleep, especially in people with depression.
2. Over-the-counter (OTC) sleep aids:
   • Antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine, doxylamine): Common in non-prescription sleep aids but can cause grogginess the next day.
   • Melatonin supplements: A natural hormone that can help regulate sleep patterns, especially for jet lag or shift work.

Risks and Considerations:

• Side effects: Drowsiness, dizziness, headaches, or dry mouth.
• Dependency: Prolonged use of prescription sleeping pills can lead to physical or psychological dependence.
• Short-term use: Most sleeping pills are intended for temporary relief of sleep issues, with other sleep hygiene practices recommended for long-term improvement.

Sleeping pills should be used under a healthcare provider’s guidance, as they may interact with other medications or exacerbate underlying health conditions.